Karakterisasi  berbagai  Jenis Bahan Lapisan Kedap, Ketebalan dan Nisbah Bentonit dengan Pasir: Konsep Dasar Pengelolaan   Lahan Pasir Pantai

Saparso Saparso; Tohari Tohari; Dja’far Shiddieq; Bambang Setiadi

doi:10.5400/jts.2009.v14i2.167-176

Karakterisasi berbagai Jenis Bahan Lapisan Kedap, Ketebalan dan Nisbah Bentonit dengan Pasir: Konsep Dasar Pengelolaan Lahan Pasir Pantai

Saparso Saparso, Tohari Tohari, Dja’far Shiddieq, Bambang Setiadi

Abstract

Characterization of Various Kinds, Thickness and Bentonite Sand Ratio as Hardplain Materials: a Basic Concept for Coastal Sandy Land Management (Saparso, Tohari, D. Shiddieq, and B. Setiadi): Coastal sandy land development faces the sand characteristics, the lower holding water capacity and the larger nutrient leaching due to heavier rainfall in the tropics, soil porosity and without soil layering so it need alternative technology for more efficient harvesting water resources in supporting the crop growing. The laboratory research studied the characteristic of various kind, thickness and ratio of hardplain material was carried out at Laboratory of Agronomy of UNSOED, Soil Mechanic of GMU. the SEM and X-RD of Lemigas Jakarta. Permeability determination by Falling Head which is appropriate measurment was not significantly different with ELE28-290 permeameter. Permeability of Kokap clay soil and Nanggulan bentonite were larger than the rainfall intensity in coastal sandy land. The Sentolo Vertisol content 68% calcium smectite had permeability 3,7 mm.day-1. Bentonite permeability were not significantly different due to more than 80% clay mineral composition. Therefore the permeability of natrium bentonite like as BPIB and BLUB namely 1.4 x 10-2 and 10-2 mm day-1 were lower than the calcium bentonite like as RMBL and BLBK permeability namely 4.3 x 10-2 and 2.43 x 10-2 mm day-1. Permeability of 0.5 cm thickness bentonite was not significantly different than 1.0 dan 1.5 cm thickness and those had very low permeability. Bentonite sand mixture 15 and 20 percent produced bentonite sand agregate that had mesopores by which allowing the drainage and available soil water so that those had water permeability 13.7 dan 10.3 mm day-1 respectively. The mixture 30-100% had not significantly different permeability namely 7.3 x 10-2 up to 1.4 10-2 mm day-1. The combination of tickness and the low ratio of bentonite sand mixutre need to be determined to produce favourable environment in supporting the plant growth.

Keywords

Bentonite ratio; coastal sandy land; microstructure; mineral composition; permeability

Full Text:

PDF

References

Adiyoga, W. 1999. Pola Pertumbuhan Produksi Beberapa Jenis Sayuran di Indonesia. J. Hort. 9(3): 258-265.

Ahmadsarido, A.S. 1982. Kondisi Geomorfologi Lingkungan dan Geomorfologi Dinamik di Daerah Pantai dan Implikasinya terhadap Pengelolaan Lingkungan Fisik Daerah Pantai. Disertasi UGM, Yogyakarta.

Al-Omran, A.M. and A.R. Al-Harbi. 1998. Improvement of Sandy Soils with Soil Conditioners. In: A. Wallace and A.E. Terry (Eds.) Handbook Substaces That Enhance of Soil , the Physical Properies of Soil Conditioners. Mercel dekker, Inc. New York.

Arifin, M. dan A. Sudradjat. 1997. Bentonit. Dalam Bahan Galian Industri (ed. Suhala, S dan M. Arifin). Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Teknologi Mineral, Bandung.

Boswell, F.C., J.J. Meisinger, and N.L. Case. 1997. Produksi, Pemasaran dan Penggunaan Pupuk Nitrogen. Dalam Engelstad, O.P. 1985. Fertilizer Technology and Use (terjemahan D.H. Goenadi, 1997. Teknologi dan Penggunaan Pupuk). Edisi Ketiga. UGM Press, Yogyakarta.

BPP Sanden. 2001. Programa Penyuluhan Pertanian Tingkat BPP Sanden. Balai Informasi dan Penyuluhan Pertanian Kabupaten Bantul, Yogyakarta.

BPS Bantul. 2000. Bantul dalam Angka. BPS Kabupaten Bantul, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta.

Brar, G.S. and C.M. Reynold. 1996. Soil Physical Environment and Root Growth in Northern Climates. Special Report 96-13. Strategic Environment and Development.

Chalifah, A. 2006. Beragribisnis yang Lestari di Lahan Pasir Pantai, Mengapa Tidak. http.www.pemda-diy.go.id.

Chartzoulakis, K.S. and M.H. Loupassaki. 1997. Effect of NaCl Salinity on Germination, Growth, Gas Exchange and Yield of Greenhouse Eggplant. Agric. Water Manag. 32(3): 215-225.

Darmawijaya, M. I. 1990. Klasifikasi Tanah, Dasar Teori Bagi Peneliti Tanah dan Pelaksana Pertanian di Indonesia. Gadjah Mada University Press, Yogyakarta.

DeMagistris, F.S., F. Silvetri and F. Vinale. 1998. Physical and Mechanical Properties of a Compacted Silty Sand with Low Bentonite Fraction. Can. Geotech. J. 35: 909-925.

Dinas Pertambangan, Prop. Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. 1999. Prospek Bahan Galian di Propinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta.

Dixon, D.A., J. Graham and M.M. Gray. 1999. Hydraulic Conductivity of Clay in Confined Test under Low Hydraulic Gradients. Can. Geotech J. 36: 815-825.

Don Scott, H. 2000. Soil Physics Application, Agriculture and Environment. Iowa State University Press, Ames.

Donahue, R.L., R.W. Miller and J.C.Sickhma. 1977. Saline and Sodic Soil and their Reclamation dalam An Introdustion to Soil and Plant Growth. Prentice Hall Inc., Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey.

Doorenboss, J. and A.H. Kassam. 1979. Yield Response to Water. FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper,UNO, Rome.

Dudal, R. dan Supraptohardjo. 1957. Soil Classification in Indonesia. Pemb. Balai Besar Penyelidikan Tanah, Bogor.

Hardijatmo, H.C. 2002. Mekanika Tanah I. Gadjah Mada Universiry Press, Yogyakarta.

Kau, P.M.H., D.W. Smith and P. Binning. 1998. Experiment Sorption of Fluoride by Kaolinite and Bentonite. Geoderma 84: 89-108.

Kertonegoro, B.J. 2003. Pengembangan Budidaya Tanaman Sayuran dam Hortikultura pada Lahan Pasir Pantai:Sebuah Model Spesifik Dari Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Agr-UMY XI(2): 67-75.

Lemigas. 2001. Instruksi Kerja Alat Scanning Electrone Microscope dan Metode Uji Identifikasi Jenis Mineral. Laboratorium Eksplorasi, Pusat Penelitian Pengembangan Teknologi Minyak dan Gas Bumi, LEMIGAS. Jakarta.

Massoud, F.I. 1975. Physical Properties of Sandy Soils in Relation to Cropping and Soil Conservation Practices. Dalam Sandy Soil. Report of FAO/UNDP Seminar on Reclamation and Management of Sandy Soils in the Near East and North Africa. FAO-UNO, Roma, pp. 47-72.

Ranst, E.V. 1995. Clay Mineralogy; Crystal Structure, Identification, Analysis and Chemistry of Clay Mineral and Clays. International Trainning Centre for Post Graduate Soil Scientists. State University Gent, Belgium.

Ratusari, Y. 2003. Keragaan Beberapa Varietas Bawang Merah di Lahan Sawah dan Lahan Pasir Pantai. Skripsi Fakultas Pertanian UGM (Tidak dipubikasikan).

Saparso, Subiyanti-Harsono dan Tohari. 2003. Pengembangan Tanaman Kubis Lahan Pasir Pantai: Pertumbuhan Tanaman Pada Berbagai Kombinasi Mulsa dan Cara Pemupukan Nitrogen. Agrin (Agricultural research and Informatuon), Jurnal Penelitian Informasi Pertanian 7(2): 60-73.

Saparso, Subiyanti-Harsono dan Tohari. 2002. Serapan Nitrogen Tanaman Kubis Pada Berbagai Kombinasi Mulsa dan Dosis Pupuk Nitrogen di Lahan Pasir Pantai. Agrin (Agricultural Research and Informatuon), Jurnal Penelitian Informasi Pertanian6(12): 20-29.

Saparso. 2001. Kajian Serapan N dan Pertumbuhan Tanaman Kubis Pada Berbagai Kombinasi Mulsa dan Dosis Pupuk N di Lahan Pasir Pantai. Tesis Program Pasca Sarjana UGM, Yogyakarta (Tidak dipublikasikan).

Simatupang, M. dan S. Sigit. 1992. Pengantar Pertambangan Indonesia. Asosiasi Pertambangan Indonesia, Jakarta.

Smika , D.E., D.F. Heermann, H.R. Duke and A.R. Batchchelder. 1977. Effect on Soil Properties and Tomato Growth Using Micro Irrigation. Agronomy Journal 69: 623-626.

Sukresno, Mashudi, A.P. Supangat, Sunaryo dan D. Subaktini. 2000. Pengembangan Potensi Lahan Pantai Berpasir dengan Budidaya Tanaman Semusim di Pantai selatan Yogyakarta. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Pengelolaan Ekosistem Pantai dan Pulau-pulau Kecil dalam Konteks Negara Kepulauan. Fakultas Geografi UGM, Yogayakarta, 2 September 2000.

Suryana, A. 2007. Strategi dan Inovasi Iptek Sumberdaya Lahan dalam Menghadapi Perubahan Iklim Global dan Perbaikan kualitas Lingkungan. Disampikan dalam Seminar Nasional Sumberdaya Lahan dan Lingkungan. Balai Besar Litbang Sumberdaya Lahan Pertanian, Balitbangtan, 7-8 November 2007, Bogor.

Verplancke, H.J.W. 1990. Soil Physics, Partim 1. University Gadjah Mada, Faculty of Agriculture and Rijksuniversiteit Gent, Faculty Van De, Belgium.

Welton, J.E. 1984. SEM Petrology Atlas. Chevron Oil Research Company, Methode in Exploration Series. The American Assosiaton of Petroleum Geologist, Oklahoma, USA.

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5400/jts.2009.v14i2.167-176