Dynamics of pH, Ferrum and Mangan, and Phosphorus on Newly Opened Paddy Soil having High Soil Organic Matter on Rice Growth

Ladiyani Retno Widowati; . Sukristyonubowo

doi:10.5400/jts.2012.v17i1.1-8

Dynamics of pH, Ferrum and Mangan, and Phosphorus on Newly Opened Paddy Soil having High Soil Organic Matter on Rice Growth

Ladiyani Retno Widowati, . Sukristyonubowo

Abstract

Research had been carried out at the Research and Soil Testing Laboratory and Greenhouse of Soil Research Institute, Bogor using newly opened paddy soil from Pesisir Selatan districts, West Sumatra (one year old). Total treatments tested were 12 which were combination of farmer rate, NPK recommendation (½×; ¾×; 1½×), straw compost (½×; ¾×; 1½×), and dolomite. The trial was conducted using a completely randomized design with three replications. This research had been prepared in two units, one unit for observing plant response to nutrient management and another unit for incubation trial with the same treatment placed in the greenhouse. Rice cultivar used was IR-42 in accordance to the preferred varieties of local farmers. The sampling method for measuring the solubility of Fe2+ and Mn2+, as well as the availability of PO43- was by centrifuge 50 g mud samples from the incubation pots then separated clear extract using filter paper. The observation results on dynamics of pH, Fe2+, Mn2+ and PO4-3 mainly occured in 1 to 14 days after submerging (incubation). After 14 days soil reaction had reached thermodynamic sequence of oxidation-reduction processes, the PO43- more available and pH of the soil reached the peak. The optimum dose of NPK fertilizer obtained 0.875 NPK or equal to 175 kg of urea, 87.5 kg of SP-36 and 87.5 kg KCl ha-1. The highest number of hills achieved from straw compost treatment 1½ organic matter (OM) or 3 tons with an increase of 20%. Application of ameliorant dolomite increased the number of tillers about 2-3%, but insignificantly different with no dolomite treatment.

Keywords

Ferrum; mangan; paddy soil; phosphate; rice; soil pH

Full Text:

PDF

References

Anonymous. 2007. Fertilizer recommendation N, P and K in paddy fields specific locations. Regulation of the Minister of Agriculture No. 40/Permentan/OT.140/4/2007, April 11, 2007. Agency of Agriculture Research and Development. Department of Agriculture. 286 p (in Indonesian).

Audebert A. 2006. Diagnosis of risk and approaches to iron toxicity management in lowland ricw farming. In: A Audebert, LT Narte, P Kiepe, D Miller and B Beks (eds). Iron Toxicity in Rice-based System West Africa. Africa Rice Center (WARDA) 01 B.P. 2031, Cotonou, Benin, pp.6-12.

Balittanah. 2005. Manual for the Soil, Plants, Water and Fertilizers Chemistry Laboratory. In: BH Prasetyo, D Santoso and LR Widowati (eds). Indonesian Center for Agricultural Land Resources Research and Development - Indonesian Agricultural Agency for Research and Development (ICALARD – IAARD), 136 p. (in Indonesian).

Bhagat RM, SI Bhuiyan and K Moody. 1996. Water, tillage and weed interactions in lowland tropical rice: a review. Agric Water Manage 31: 165-184.

Black CA. 1968. Soil-plant Relationships. Wiley Eastern (Put.) Ltd. New Delhi.

Bouman BAM and TP Tuong. 2001. Field water management to save water and increase its productivity in irrigated lowland rice. Agric Water Manage 49: 11-30.

BPS [Badan Pusat Statistik]. 2002. Indonesia Statistics. Central Bureau of Statistics. Jakarta (in Indonesian).

BPS [Badan Pusat Statistik]. 2006. Indonesia Statistics. Central Bureau of Statistics. Jakarta (in Indonesian).

CSAR [Center of Soil and Agroclimate Research ]. 1993. Soil Survey and Research Merowi I, West Kalimantan. Agricultural Agency for Research and Development. Bogor.

Dixon JB, SB Weed, JA Kittrick, ML Mirford and JL White. 1977. Minerals in Soil Environments. Soil Science Society of America, Madison, Wisconsin, USA. 948 pp.

Dobermann A and T Fairhurst. 2000. Rice: Nutrient Disorder and Nutrient Management. International Rice Research Institute – Potash and Phosphate Institute (PPI) – Potash and Phosphate Institute of Canada (PPIC). 191 p.

Gotoh S and WH Patrick Jr. 1974. Transformations of manganese in a waterlogged soil as affected by redox potential and pH. Soil Sci Soc Am Proc 36: 738-742.

Hartatik W, Sulaeman and A Kasno. 2008. Soil chemical changes and amelioration on newly opened paddy soil. In: F Agus, Wahyunto and D Santoso (eds). Newly Opened Paddy Field. Indonesian Center for Agricultural Land Resources Research and Development (ICALRRD). Agricultural Agency for Research and Development. Agriculture Department, pp. 53-76 (in Indonesian).

Joseph PA, WV Miller and MC Halbrooks. 1996. Iron toxicity stress cause Broze Speckle, a specific physiological disorder of Marigold (Tagetes erecta L.). J Am Soc Hort Sci 121 (3): 430-437.

Leeper GW. 1974. The forms and reactions of manganese in the soil. Soil Sci 63: 79-94.

Lokossou B. 2006. Evaluating iron toxicity on rice production in Lotodenou in Southern Benin. In: . Audebert, LT Narte, P Kiepe, D Miller and B Beks (eds). Iron Toxicity in Rice-based System West Africa. Ap. 125-132.

Noor A and A Jumberi. 1998. The role of ameliorant materials, potassium fertilizer and varieties to overcome iron toxicity in rice plants on tidal land. In: Workshop proceedings on Agricultural Development Strategy Kalimantan Region, 2-3 December 1997 in Banjarbaru. Agricultural Research Agency. Installation Research and Assessment of Agricultural Technology Banjarbaru. pp. 275-279 (in Indonesian).

Patrick WH Jr and CN Reddy. 1978. Chemical changes in rice soils. In: Soil and Rice. IRRI. Los Baños. Philippines, pp. 361-379.

Ponnamperuma FN. 1978. Electrochemical changes in submerged soil and the growth of rice. In: Soil and Rice. IRRI. Los Baños, Philippines. pp. 421-444.

Randhawa NS, MK Sinha and PN Takkar. 1978. Micronutrient. p. 581-603. In: Soil and Rice. IRRI, Los Banos, Philippines.

Ritvo G, Y Afnimelech and M Kochba. 2002. Empirical relationship between conventionally determined pH and in situ value in waterlogged soils. Aquac Eng 27 (1): 1-8.

Shah Alam, S Kamei and S Kamai. 2003. Amelioration of manganese toxicity in young rice seedling with potassium. J Plant Nut 26 (6): 1301-1314. doi: 10.1081/PLN-120020372.

Sulaeman, Eviati and JS Adiningsih. 1997. The influence of Eh and pH influence on phosphate adsorption characteristics, the solubility of iron and other nutrients in the soil Hapludox Lampung. In: U Kurnia, Sukarman, O Harijaja, DD Tarigan, F Agus, N Suharta, DA Suriadikarta. Proceeding of Meeting and Discussion and Communication Research Soil and Agro-climate. Section: Chemistry and Soil Biology. Cisarua, Bogor 4-6 March 1997. Center for Soil and Agroclimate Research, Bogor, pp. 1-18 (in Indonesian).

Sulaiman, A Arifin and G Nohoi. 1997. Correlation studies on rice growth with soil iron. J Kalimantan Agric 2 (4): 1-14 (in Indonesian).

Tadano T and S Yoshida. 1978. Chemical changes in submerged soils and their effect on rice growth. In: Soil and Rice. IRRI. Los Baños. Philippine, pp. 399-420.

van Breemen N and FR Moorman. 1978. Iron-toxic soils. In: Soil and Rice. IRRI, Los Baños, Philippines. p. 781-797.

Widowati LR and S Rochayati. 2008. Nutrient management to improve rice productivity of newly opened paddy soil in Harapan Masa- Tapin In South Kalimantan. Paper presented at the National Seminar of BBSDLP, 25-27 November 2008. 13 p (in Indonesian).

Widowati LR, Kencanasari A, S Widati, Maryam and S Rochayati. 2003. Calcium and magnesium fertilization on acid paddy soil in Central Lampung. In: Proceedings of National Symposium on Utilization of Acid Soils. Indonesian Soil Research Institute. Bogor (in Indonesian).

Yusuf AD, Syamsudin, G Satari and S Djakasutami. 1990. The influence of pH and Eh of the solubility of Fe, Al and Mn on newly opened paddy soil on Sitiung Oxisol. Rice Management Proceeding Support the food self-sufficient and Transmigration Program: Prospects and Problems, pp. 237-269 (in Indonesian).

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5400/jts.2012.v17i1.1-8