Soil Characteristics and Management of Ultisols Derived from Claystones

Diah Puspita Hati

doi:10.5400/jts.2024.v29i3.%p

Soil Characteristics and Management of Ultisols Derived from Claystones

Diah Puspita Hati

Abstract

Ultisols are one of the types of soils that develop from clay parent materials and are widely distributed in Indonesia, making them suitable for agricultural land use. Naturally, Ultisols have low soil fertility, such as acidic soil reactions and low base content, which can lead to suboptimal agricultural yields without proper management. Therefore, this study aims to determine the physical, chemical, and mineralogical characteristics of Ultisols to formulate appropriate land management practices. Soil samples were collected from Ultisols with clay parent materials from several various regions in Indonesia. Soil profile creation was conducted to observe soil morphology in the field, followed by physical, chemical, and mineralogical analysis in the laboratory. The results showed that Ultisols have a deep solum (80-120 cm), clay texture, and sticky and plastic consistencies. Chemically, Ultisols generally have an acidic reaction, low organic C content, potential P and K contents, cation exchange capacity, base saturation, and high Al saturation. The content of easily weathered minerals, such as orthoclase, biotite, augite, etc., which are important nutrient reserves, is also generally low. Thus, the Ultisols studied are classified as low fertility soils, requiring specific management practices such as the addition of lime, organic materials, and soil amendments in a balanced and appropriate manner to achieve optimal yields.

Keywords

soil physics; soil chemistry;characteristics & classification

References

Adiningsih S and J Mulyadi. 1993. Alternatif teknik rehabilitasi dan pemanfaatan lahan alang-alang. Pros. Seminar Lahan Alang-alang, pp. 29–50.

Aditya HF, S Gandaseca, ML Rayes and DS Karam. 2021. Toposequent effect on soil morphology and classification of ultisol soil in the Ayer Hitam Forest Reserve, Peninsular Malaysia. Jurnal Sylva Lestari 9(2): 202–212. https://doi.org/10.23960/jsl29202-212.

Amanuel W, F Yimer and E Karltun. 2018. Soil organic carbon variation in relation to land use changes: The case of Birr watershed, upper Blue Nile River Basin, Ethiopia. Journal of Ecology and Environment 42:1–11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41610-018-0076-1.

Andalusia B, Z Zainabun and T Arabia. 2016. Karakteristik tanah ordo ultisol di Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit PT. Perkebunan Nusantara I (Persero) Cot Girek Kabupaten Aceh Utara. Jurnal Kawista Agroteknologi 1(1): 45-49.

Arifin M, G Herdiansyah, A Sandrawati and R Devnita. 2021. Karakterisasi dan klasifikasi ultisols yang berkembang dari dua bahan induk di Kabupaten Serang, Provinsi Banten. Soilrens 19(2): 33–42.

Bockheim JG and AE Hartemink. 2013. Distribution and classification of soils with clay-enriched horizons in the USA. Geoderma 209: 153–160. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.GEODERMA.2013.06.009.

Buurman P and J Dai. 1976. Research on podzolic soils in Central and North Lampung (Sumatra) and it’s bearing on agricultural development. In Peat and Podzolic Soils and Their Potential for Agriculture in Indonesia. Proceeding ATA 106 midterm seminar, October 1976. Soil Research Institute, Bogor.

Buurman P and Subagjo. 1980. Soil formation on granodiorites near Pontianak, West Kalimantan. In P. Buurman (ed). Red Soils in Indonesia. Agricultural Research Reports No. 889. Soil Research Institute, Bogor, Indonesia, pp. 107–118.

Carter MR and EG Gregorich. 2007. Soil Sampling and Methods of Analysis. 2nd edition. CRC Press (Vol. 44). https://doi.org/10.1017/s0014479708006546.

Churchman GJ and DJ Lowe. 2012. Alteration, formation, and occurrence of minerals in soils. In: PM Huang; Y Li; ME Sumner (eds). Handbook of Soil Sciences 2nd edition. Vol. 1: Properties and Processes. CRC Press (Taylor & Francis), Boca Raton, FL, pp.20.1-20.72.

Dai J, S Permadhy and P Buurman. 1980. Soils on acid metamorphic and sedimentary rocks in South East Sulawesi. In: P Buurman (ed). Red soils in Indonesia. Soil Research Institute, Bogor, pp. 121–140.

Darlita RR, B Joy and R Sudirja. 2017. Analisis beberapa sifat kimia tanah terhadap peningkatan produksi kelapa sawit pada tanah pasir di Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit Selangkun. Jurnal Agrikultura 28(1): 15–20.

Eviati and Sulaeman (2012) Petunjuk Teknis Analisis Kimia Tanah, Tanaman, Air, dan Pupuk. 2nd edition. In: BH Prasetyo, D Santoso and LR Widowati. Balai Penelitian Tanah, Bogor. 143 p.

Hikmatullah H. 2010. Sifat-sifat tanah yang berkembang dari bahan vulkan di Halmahera Barat, Maluku Utara. Jurnal Ilmu-ilmu Pertanian Indonesia 12(1): 40–48.

Horwitz W. 2010. Official methods of analysis of AOAC International. Vol. 1: Agricultural Chemicals, Contaminants, Drugs. AOAC International, Gaithersburg.

Johnson G V and H Zhang. 2002. Cause and Effects of Soil Acidity. Division of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Oklahoma State University

Kundu MC, S Mondal and GK Ghosh. 2017. Effect of different land uses on soil organic carbon in new alluvial belt of West Bengal’, International Journal Of Bio-Resource, Environment And Agricultural Sciences (IJBEAS) 3(2): 517–520.

Li Y, J Han, S Wang, J Brandle, J Lian, Y Luo and F Zhang. 2014. Soil organic carbon and total nitrogen storage under different land uses in the Naiman Banner, a semiarid degraded region of northern China. Canadian Journal of Soil Science 94(1): 9–20. https://doi.org/10.4141/CJSS2013-074.

Miller BJ. 1983. Chapter 8 Ultisols. Developments in Soil Science, 11: 283–323. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0166-2481(08)70619-6.

Nursyamsi D. 2006. Kebutuhan hara kalium tanaman kedelai di tanah ultisol. Jurnal Ilmu Tanah dan Lingkungan 6(2): 71–81. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/228805416.

Prasetyo BH, N Suharta, H Subagyo and H Hikmatullah. 2001. Chemical and mineralogical properties of Sasamba Area, East Kalimantan. Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science 2(2): 37–47.

Prasetyo BH, D Subardja and B Kaslan. 2005. Ultisols bahan volkan andesitik : diferensiasi potensi kesuburan dan pengelolaannya. Jurnal Tanah dan Iklim 23: 1–12.

Prasetyo B H and DA Suriadikarta. 2006. Karakteristik, potensi, dan teknologi pengelolaan tanah ultisol untuk pengembangan pertanian lahan kering di Indonesia. Jurnal Litbang Pertanian 25(2): 39–46.

Prasetyo BH. 2009. Tanah merah dari berbagai bahan induk di Indonesia: prospek dan strategi. Jurnal Sumberdaya Lahan 3(1): 47–60.

Purwanto S, RA Gani and E Suryani. 2020. Characteristics of ultisols derived from basaltic andesite materials and their association with old volcanic landforms in Indonesia. SAINS TANAH-Journal of Soil Science and Agroclimatology 17(2): 135–143. https://doi.org/10.20961/STJSSA.V17I2.38301.

Raziah R, S Sufardi and T Arabia. 2019. Genesis dan klasifikasi tanah ultisol di lahan kering Kabupaten Aceh Besar. Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Pertanian 4(4): 637–647.

Soil Survey Staff. 2014a. Keys to Soil Taxonomy. 12th ed. USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service, Washington DC.

Soil Survey Staff. 2014b. Kellogg Soil Survey Laboratory Methods Manual. Soil Survey Investigations Report No. 42, Version 5.0. In: R Burt and Soil Survey Staff (eds). U.S. Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service, National Soil Survey Center.

Subagyo H, N Suharta and AB Siswanto. 2004. Tanah-tanah pertanian di Indonesia. In A. Adimihardja, L.I. Amien, F. Agus and D. Djaenudin (eds). Sumberdaya Lahan Indonesia dan Pengelolaannya. Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Tanah dan Agroklimat, Bogor. pp 21−66.

Subardja D, S Ritung, M Anda, S Sukarman, E Suryani and RE Subandiono. 2016. Petunjuk Teknis Klasifikasi Tanah Nasional. 2nd edition. In: H Hikmatullah, Suparto, C Tafakresnanto, S Suratman and K Nugroho. Balai Besar Litbang Sumberdaya Lahan Pertanian, Badan Litbang Pertanian, Bogor.

Suhardjo H and BH Prasetyo. 1989. Sifat-sifat fisiko-kimia dan penyebaran tanah kandiudults di Provinsi Riau. Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian, Universitas Islam Sumatera Utara 17: 93–102.

Suharta N and BH Prasetyo. 1986. Karakterisasi tanah-tanah berkembang dari batuan granit di Kalimantan Barat. Pemberitaan Penelitian Tanah dan Pupuk 6: 51–60.

Sukarman S, S Ritung, M Anda and E Suryani. 2017. Pedoman Pengamatan Tanah Di Lapangan. In: D Subardja, H Hikmatullah and W Wahyunto. Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian, Kementerian Pertanian, Jakarta.

Sulaeman Y and BH Prasetyo. 2001. Peranan sifat kimia pada Inceptisols dan Ultisols untuk mendukung pengembangan tanaman pangan di Kalimantan Timur: Implikasinya terhadap pengelolaan lahan. Jurnal Tanah dan Iklim dan Air 2(2): 57–68.

Syahputra E, F Fauzi and R Razali. 2015. The characteristics of the chemical properties of ultisols sub groups in some areas of Northern Sumatra. Jurnal Agroteknologi 4(1): 1796–1803. DOI: 10.32734/jaet.v4i1.12366

van Reeuwijk LP. 1993. Procedures for Soil Analysis. 4th edition. ISRIC-FAO, Wageningen, Netherlands.

Wilcke W and J Lilienfein. 2004. Soil carbon-13 natural abundance under native and managed vegetation in Brazil. Soil Science Society of America Journal 68(3): 827–832. https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2004.8270.

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5400/jts.2024.v29i3.%25p