The Impact of Leaf-Based Biopesticides and Cocoa Pod Husk Biofertilizer on Arthropod Diversity and Soil Respiration in Soybean Agroecosystems
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Abstract
Studies in soybean fields have shown relatively high arthropod diversity and abundance, including both canopy dwellers and soil-surface inhabitants. Soil respiration is an important parameter to monitor because it reflects microbial activity and organic matter decomposition. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of cocoa leaf biopesticide and cocoa pod husk biofertilizer applications on soil arthropod diversity and soil respiration in the soybean agroecosystem. The research was carried out at the Experimental Farm of Satu Nusa University, Lampung, from June to September 2025. A strip plot design with a sample size of 15 was repeated 3 times. The first factor was cocoa leaf biopesticide concentration: 0%, 1%, and 2% (D0, D1, and D2). The second factor was cocoa pod husk biofertilizer concentration: 0%, 1%, 2%, 3%, and 4% (K0, K1, K2, K3, and K4). The results showed that applying cocoa leaf biopesticide and cocoa pod husk biofertilizer significantly affected soil respiration, abundance, and diversity of soil arthropods. The combination of 2% cocoa leaf biopesticide and 3% cocoa pod husk biofertilizer had the greatest effect on soil respiration rate during the generative phase of soybean plants (9 WAP). Applying both the biopesticide and biofertilizer also influenced soil arthropod abundance, with diversity values categorized as moderate to high.
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