Production and Chemical Characterization of Biochar–Fly Ash Enriched Compost for Tropical Acid Soil Ameliorant
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Abstract
Pineapple cultivation systems are produced in large quantities but are not optimally utilized. One widely used source of organic matter is compost. Biochar has received considerable attention as a functional amendment in the composting system. In addition to biochar, fly ash – a byproduct of coal combustion in thermal power plants – has emerged as a potential mineral additive for composting systems. The evaluation included temperature dynamics during production, moisture content, pH, N-total, C/N ratio, and macronutrient content at a predetermined observation time. The trial was structured using a single-factor Group Random Design with seven formulas and four replicates. Treatments A, B, and C are made by mixing biochar and FA into compost raw materials at the beginning of the composting process, with a composition of 75% compost raw materials + 20% biochar + 5% FA, 75% compost raw materials + 12.5% biochar + 12.5% FA, and 75% compost raw materials + 5% biochar + 20% FA. Treatment D consists of 100% compost raw materials without the addition of biochar and FA. Meanwhile, the E, F, and G treatments are made by mixing biochar and FA into mature compost, with a composition of 75% compost + 20% biochar + 5% FA, 75% compost + 12.5% biochar + 12.5% FA, and 75% compost + 5% biochar + 20% FA. The treatment of 75% compostable raw materials, 5% biochar, and 20% fly ash at the beginning of the composting process shows the greatest potential balance, combining early enrichment with a high macronutrient content, an appropriate pH, and a final C/N ratio.
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