Use of Biochar to Control Root-Feeding Soil Nematodes on Muna Local Tomatoes Variety

Fitri Wahyu Ningsi, Irfan Hakim, Achmad Nur Azhary Dussy, Wa Ode Rahmaniar, Yudistira Yudistira, Laode Muhammad Harjoni Kilowasid

Abstract


Energy pathways in soil nematode communities consist of energy pathways for roots, bacteria, and fungi. The dominance of the root energy pathway indicated an increase in nematode attacks on the roots that can be regulated through changes in food availability and the environment. This study aimed to (i) determines the effect of the biochar rate on soil nematode energy pathways on local tomato plants and (2) determine the biochar rate that can suppress the dominance of root-feeding nematodes of local varieties of Muna tomato plants. The treatment tested was the biochar rate expressed as a percentage of the biochar weight the soil weight, namely 0%, 5%, 10%, and 15%. Each was repeated three times, randomly placed in the experimental plot following the randomized block design procedure. The results showed that the addition of biochar to 10% of the soil weight decreased the abundance of the total nematodes and family Longidoridae, on the other hand, increased Aphelenchoididae, Spearman rho correlation. The abundance of root eaters decreased; on the other hand, fungivores increased with the biochar rate. Spearman rho indicated that fungivores were negatively correlated with root-feeders and omnivores while positively correlated with predators. It was concluded that applying biochar up to a rate of 10% of the soil weight before planting could suppress the abundance of root-feeding nematodes in the vegetative growth phase of Muna local tomatoes variety.

Keywords


Biochar rate; decreased; fungivorous; negatively; root-feeder

Full Text:

PDF

References


Abebe E, I Andrássy and W Traunspurger. 2006. Freshwater nematodes: ecology and taxonomy. CABI, Washington DC. 773p. doi.10.1079/9780851990095.0000.

Adekiya AO, TM Agbede, CM Aboyeji, O Dunsin and VT Simeon. 2019. Effects of biochar and poultry manure on soil characteristics and the yield of radish. Sci Hortic 243: 457-463. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2018.08.048.

Alenazi MM, M Shafiq, AA Aldason, IM Alhelal, AM Alhamdan, THI Solieman and WA Al-Selwey.2020. Improved functional and nutritional properties of tomato fruit during cold storage. Saudi J Biol Sci 27: 1467-1474. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.03.026.

Alam S, LMH Kilowasid, Lisnawati, Asniah and A Nurmas. 2015. Role of epigeic earthworms on a trophic group of nematodes during organic matter decomposition in litter bag under tomato cropping on Ultisol. AIP Conference Proceedings. 167:110012. doi:10.1063/1.4930783.

Almaroai YA and MA Eissa. 2020. Effect of biochar on yield and quality of tomato grown on a metal-contaminated. Sci Hortic 265:109210. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2020.109210.

Bongers T and M Bongers. 1998. Functional diversity of nematodes. Appl Soil Ecol 10: 239-251. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0929-1393(98)00123-1.

Carrillo Y, BA Ball and M Molina. 2016. Stoichiometric linkages between plant litter, trophic interactions, and nitrogen mineralization across the litter-soil interface. Soil Biol Biochem 92: 102-110. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.10.001.

Cesarz S, AE Schulz, R Beugnon andN Eisenhauer. 2019. Testing soil nematode extraction efficiency using different variations of the Baermann-funnel method. Soil Organisms 91: 61-72. doi: https://doi.org10.25674/so91201. B

Cole EJ, AV Barker, OR Zandvakili, A Sadeghpour, B Xing, M Hashemi, EA Perkins and G Jung. 2021. Soil nutrient and nematode community changes in response to hardwood charcoal application. Commun Soil Sci Plan 52: 917-925. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/00103624.2020.1869774.

Dai Z, X Xiong, H Zhu, H Xu, P Leng, J Li, C Tang and J Xu. 2021. Association of biochar properties with changes in soil bacterial, fungal, and fauna communities and nutrient cycling processes. Biochar 3: 239-254. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42773-021-00099-x.

Diatta AA, JH Fike, ML Battaglia, JM Galbraithandn and MB Baig. 2020. Effects of biochar on soil fertility and crop productivity in arid regions: a review. Arab J Geosci 13: 595 doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-020-05586-2.

Di Marco M, ML Baker, P Daszak, PD Barro, EA Eskew, CM Godde, TD Harwood, M Herrero, AJ Hoskins, E Johnson, WB Karesh, C Machalaba, JN Garcia, D Paini, R Pirzl, MS Smith, C Zambrana-Torrelio and S Ferrier. 2020. Opinion: Sustainable development must account for pandemic risk’, PNAS 117: 3888-3892. doi: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2001655117.

Domene X, S Mattana and S Sánchez-Moreno. 2021. Biochar addition rate determines contrasting shifts in soil nematode trophic groups in outdoor mesocosms: An appraisal of underlying mechanisms. Appl Soil Ecol 158: 103788. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2020.103788.

Ferris H, T Bongers and RGM de Goede. 2001. A framework for soil food web diagnostics: extension of the nematode faunal analysis concept. Appl Soil Ecol 18:. 13-29. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0929-1393(01)00152-4.

Freckman DW and JG Baldwin.1990. Nematode. In: DL Dindal (ed) Soil Biology Guide. Wiley-Interscience, New York. pp 155-200.

FreckmanDWand CH Ettema. 1993. Assessing nematode communities in agroecosystems of varying human intervention. Agric, Ecosyst Environ 45: 239-261. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-8809(93)90074-Y.

Hardy B, S Sleutel, JE Dufey and JT Cornelis. 2019. The long-term effect of biochar on soil microbial abundance, activity, and community structure is overwritten by land management. Front Environ Sci 7: 110. doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2019.00110.

Holtkamp R, A van der Wal, P Kardol, WH van der Putten, P de Ruiter and SC Dekker.2011. Modeling C and N mineralization in soil food webs during secondary succession on ex-arable land. Soil Biol Biochem 43: 251-260. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.10.004.

Hua L, Z Lu, H Ma and S Jin. 2014. Effect of biochar on carbon dioxide release and organic carbon accumulation, and soil aggregation. Environ Prog Sustain 33: 941-946. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/ep.11867.

Joseph UE, AO Toluwase, EO Kehinde, EE Omasan, AY Tolulope, OO George, C Zhao, and W Hongyan. 2019. Effect of biochar on soil structure and soil organic carbon and nitrogen storage in the aggregate fractions of an Albic soil. Arch Agron Soil Sci. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/03650340.2019.1587412.

Kergunteuil A, R Campos-Herrera, S Sánchez-Morenao, P Vittoz and S Rasmann. 2016. The abundance, diversity, and metabolic footprint of soil nematodes are highest in high elevation alpine grasslands. Front Ecol Evol 4: 84. doi: 10.3389/fevo.2016.00084.

Kilowasid LMH, TS Syamsudin, FX Susilo, E Sulystiawati and H Syaf. 2013. Characteristics of soil fauna communities and habitat in the small-holder cocoa plantation in South Konawe. J Trop Soils 18: 149-159. doi:10.5400/jts.2013.18.2.149.

Kilowasid LMH, TS Syamsudin, E Sulystiawati and FX Susilo. 2014. Structure of soil food web in a small-holder cocoa plantation, South Konawe District, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. Agrivita 36: 33-47. doi: http://doi.org/10.17503/agrivita.v36i1.362.

Lazarova S, D Coyne, MG Rodríguez, B Peteira and A Ciancio. 2021. Functional diversity of soil nematodes in relation to the impact of agriculture—A Review. Diversity 13: 64. https://doi.org/10.3390/d13020064

Liang S, X Kou, Y Li, X Lü, J Wang and Q Li. 2020. Soil nematode community composition and stability under different nitrogen additions in a semiarid grassland. Global Ecol Conserv 22: 00965. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2020.e00965.

Liao N, Q Li, W Zhang, G Zhou, L Ma, W Min, J Ye, and Z Hou. 2016. Effects of biochar on soil microbial community composition and activity in drip-irrigated desert soil. Eur J Soil Biol 72: 27-34. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejsobi.2015.12.008.

Liu T, JK Whelen, W Ran, Q Shen and H Li. 2016. Bottom-up control of fertilization on soil nematode communities differs between crop management regimes. Soil Biol Biochem 95: 198-201. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2016.01.005.

Liu T, L Yang, Z Hu, J Xue, Y Lu, X Chen, BS Griffiths, JK Whalen and M Liu. 2020a. Biochar negatively affects soil fauna across multiple trophic levels in cultivated acidic soil. Biol Fertil Soils 56: 597-606. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00374-020-01436-1.

Liu X, D Zhang, H Li, X Qi, Y Gao, Y Zhang, Y Han, Y Jiang and H Li. 2020b. Soil nematode community and crop productivity in response to 5-year biochar and manure addition to yellow cinnamon soil. BMC Ecol 20:39. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12898-020-00304-8.

Mayrhofer N, GJ Velicer, KS Schaal and M Vasse. 2021. Interactions between bacterivorous nematodes and predatory bacteria in a synthetic community. Microorganisms 9: 1362. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9071362

Melakeberhan H, G Bonito and AN Kravchenko. 2021. Application of nematode community analyses-based models towards identifying sustainable soil health management outcomes: a review of the concepts. Soil Syst 5: 32. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/soilsystems5020032

Montgomery DC. 2001. Design and analysis of experiments. 5th edition. John Wiley & Sons, Singapore.

Morin PJ. 2011. Community ecology. 2nd edition. Wiley-Blackwell, New Jersey, USA. 424p.

Neher D, T Bongers and H Ferris. 2004. Computation of nematode community indices.Society of Nematologists Workshop, 2 August 2004, Estes Park, Colorado. http://nemaplex.ucdavis.edu (accessed 24 August 2021).

Nguyen VS, PTK Nguyen, M Araki, RN Perry, LB Tran, KM Chau, YY Min, and K Toyota. 2020. Effects of cropping systems and soil amendments on nematode community and its relationship with soil physicochemical properties in a paddy rice field in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta. Appl Soil Ecol 156: 103683. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil. 2020.103683.

O’Kennedy N and AK Duttaroy. 2021. Platelet hyperactivity in COVID-19: can the tomato extract fruitflow® be used as an antiplatelet regime? Med Hypotheses 147: 110480. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110480.

Panesar TS and VG Marshall. 2005. Monograph of soil nematodes from Coastal Douglas-Fir Forests in British Columbia. Royal Roads University, Canada.

Quinet M, T Angosto, FJ Yuste-Lisbona, R Blanchard-Gros, S Bigot, JP Martinez and S Lutts. 2019. Tomato fruit development and metabolism. Front Plant Sci 10: 1554. doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2019.01554.

Quist CW, G Gort, P Mooijman, DJ Brus, S van den Elsen, O Kostenko, M Vervoort, J Bakker, WH van der Putten and J Helder. 2019. Spatial distribution of soil nematodes relates to soil organic matter and life strategy. Soil Biol Biochem. 136: 107542. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2019.107542

Reganold JP and JM Wachter. 2016. Organic agriculture in the twenty-first century. Nature Plants 2: 15221. doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/nplants.2015.221.

Renèo M, E Gömöryová and A Èerevková. 2020.The effect of soil type and ecosystems on the soil nematode and microbial communities. Helminthologia 57: 129-144. doi: 10.2478/helm-2020-0014

Ryss AY. 2017. A simple express technique to process nematodes for collection slide mounts. J Nematology 49: 27-32.

Tian X, X Zhao, Z Mau and B Xie. 2020. Variation and dynamics of soil nematode communities in greenhouses with different continuous cropping periods. Hortic Plant J 6: 301-312. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hpj.2020.07.002.

Urzelai A, AJ Hernández and J Pastor. 2000. Biotic indices based on soil nematode communities for assessing soil quality in terrestrial ecosystems. Sci Total Environ 247: 253-261. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-9697(99)00494-5.

Wacharapluesadee S, C Sintunawa, T Kaewpom, K Khongonomnan, KJ Olival, JH Epstein, A Rodpan, P Sangsri, N Intarut, A Chindamporn, K Suksawa and T Hemachudha. 2013. Group C betacoronavirus in bat guano fertilizer, Thailand. Emerg infect dis 19: 1349. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid1908.130119.

Woo PCY, SKP Lau, KSM Li, AKI Tsang and KY Yuen. 2012. Genetic relatedness of the novel human group C betacoronavirus to Tylonycteris bat coronavirus HKU4 and Pipistrellus bat coronavirus HKU5. Emerg Microbes Infec 1: e35. doi:10.1038/emi.2012.45.

Xiong D, C Wei, ERJ Wubs, GF Veen, W Liang, X Wang, Q Li, WH Van der Putten and X Han. 2018. Nonlinear responses of soil nematode community composition to increasing aridity. Glob Ecol Biogeogr 29: 117-126. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.13013.

Xu W, WB Whitman, MJ Gundale, CC Chien, and CY Chiu. 2020. Functional response of the soil microbial community to biochar applications. GCB Bioenergy 13: 269-281. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcbb.12773.

Yang YR, XG Li, ZG Zhou, TL Zhang and XX Wang. 2016. Differential responses of soil nematode community to pig manure application levels in Ferric Acrisols. Sci Rep 6: 35334. doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/srep35334.

Yeates GW, T Bongers, RGM De Goede, DW Freckman and SS Georgieva. 1993. Feeding habits in soil nematode families and genera—an outline for soil ecologists. J Nematol 25: 315-331.

Zhang S, S Cui, NB Mclaughin, P Liu, N Hu, W Liang, D Wu and A Liang. 2019. Tillage effects outweigh seasonal effects on soil nematode community structure. Soil Till Res 192: 233-239. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2019.05.017.

Zhang XK, Q Li, WJ Liang, M Zhang, XL Bao and ZB Xie. 2013. Soil nematode response to biochar addition in a Chinese wheat field. Pedosphere 23: 98-103. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1002-0160(12)60084-8.

Zhao J and DA Neher. 2014. Soil energy pathways of different ecosystems using nematode trophic group analysis: a meta-analysis. Nematology 16: 379-385. doi: https://doi.org/10.1163/15685411-00002771.




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5400/jts.2022.v27i1.37-47

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


INDEXING SITE

University of OxfordColumbia University LibraryStanford Crossref EBSCO

DOAJ


Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.