Drip Irrigation System Using Porous Ceramic Emitters With Different Soil Fraction Compositions
Main Article Content
Abstract
This study investigated the optimal clay–sand ratio for producing porous ceramic emitters with efficient water distribution. Experiments were conducted at the Soil and Water Laboratory, Sriwijaya University, using a randomized block design with five treatment clay and sand mixtures ratio: P1 (1.5:1), P2 (1.25:1), P3 (1:1), P4 (1:1.25), and P5 (1:1.5), each treatment replicated three times. Water discharges for each treatment was 0.02 l.h-1, 0.05 l.h-1, 0.1 l.h-1, 0.20 l.h-1, and 0.60 l.h-1. The composition of clay and sand in the manufacture of porous ceramic emitters affected the distribution of water horizontally (H), vertically above the drip line (Va), and vertically below the drip line (Vb), as well as the ratio of the distance of water distribution below the drip line (H/Vb). The emitter with the highest sand composition (P5) exhibited horizontal water distribution distances of 13.95 cm, 10.52 cm, and 13.21 cm above and below the drip line, respectively. However, this emitter had the lowest value in the ratio of horizontal water distribution distance to water distribution distance below the drip line (H/Vb), which was 1.06. Increasing the amount of sand only affected the water distribution ratio below the drip line (H/Vb). The simulation results showed that all treatments had a horizontal water distribution ratio to vertical water distribution below the drip line that was equal to or greater than 1.0, which is one of the criteria for assessing a good water distribution pattern.
Downloads
Article Details
Section
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
License for Authors
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
License for Regular Users
Other regular users who want to cite, distribute, remix, tweak, and build upon author’s works, even for commercial purposes, should acknowledge the work’s authorship and initial publication in this journal, licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License.